Plant cells, animal cells, and other cells with a defined nucleus contain an organelle known as the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two different kinds of endoplasmic reticulum:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)
Both types of endoplasmic reticulum play an integral role in the cell, but they differ in structure and function.
As the name suggests, the rough endoplasmic reticulum is rough in appearance. This is due to the fact that its outer surface is covered in millions of tiny cytoplasmic granules known as ribosomes. Ribosomes are responsible for the assembly of proteins, a process that is also known as protein synthesis or translation. If there is a problem with protein synthesis or protein folding, the rough endoplasmic reticulum can send a signal to the nucleus and impact the rate of translation.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not studded with ribosomes, so its outer layer is smooth. It is also more tubular in shape than the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to manufacture lipids. Depending on the location in the body, smooth endoplasmic reticulums may also synthesize steroid hormones, detoxify chemicals and drugs, or regulate calcium ion concentration.
https://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/endoplasmic-reticulum-rough-and-smooth/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700099/
Wednesday, September 30, 2015
Differentiate between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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