The Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty (German: Helgoland-Sansibar-Vertrag; also known as the Anglo-German Agreement of 1890) was an agreement signed on 1 July 1890between the German Empire and the United Kingdom.Under terms of this treaty, Germany gained the small but strategic Heligolandarchipelago, which its new navy needed to control the new Kiel Canal and the approaches to Germany's North sea ports. In exchange, Germany gave up its rights in the Zanzibar region in Africa, allowing Zanzibar to provide a key link in the British control of East Africa.
1. Western boundaries of both Uganda and Tanganyika were defined2. Witu enclave was given to British by Germany in return for the North Sea Island of Heligoland3. Zanzibar and Pemba became British spheres of influence4. The 16 km coastal strip was left to the sultan of Zanzibar5. Germany recognized Uganda as a British protectorate.
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The Anglo-German Treaty of 1890, also known as the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty, was an agreement concluded between the United Kingdom and Germany with the aim of settling various territorial disputes. By the late nineteenth century, Germany had grown in prominence as a colonial power. Inevitably, this put her on a collision course with Britain and her extensive imperial holdings. Neither country was willing to engage in open conflict, so some kind of accommodation needed to be reached.
The Treaty formally recognized Tanganyika as a German colony. The Germans' colonial activity in that part of the world had ruffled the feathers of the British, as they felt it threatened their East African territory. However, in addition to recognizing German control over Tanganyika, the Treaty also stipulated no further territorial expansion by Germany in East Africa. This particular provision reassured the British, but it caused widespread anger in Germany as it seemed that the government was giving up on the German colonial project.
Under the terms of the Treaty, the British also ceded control of Heligoland, the small archipelago off the coast of northern Germany. The Germans were keen to ensure the protection of the strategically-important Kiel canal and other naval installations. The Treaty also acknowledged a German sphere of influence in southwest Africa. It also settled some minor territorial disputes elsewhere on the continent between the British and the Germans.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Zanzibar-Treaty
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