Saturday, February 4, 2017

Would the DNA of a yellow perch be closer to the DNA of a walleye or a deer?

To determine which pair of species would be expected to have more similar DNA, let us consider their taxonomic classification. Biologists classify living things in a seven-level hierarchy from the most broad and general (kingdom) to the most specific (species). The seven levels are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Prior to the development of DNA technology, organisms were classed according to anatomic similarities; since then, some changes have been made in classification; today, classification more accurately represents evolutionary relationships. The lower the level at which two organisms diverge in the classification scheme, the more recently they had a common ancestor, and fewer differences will be found in their DNA.
Let us consider the three species, walleye, yellow perch, and deer. All are classed as animals, kingdom Animalia. Within that kingdom, all fall in the phylum Chordata, animals with spinal cords. Deer are mammals, class Mammalia, while the two fish are in the class Arctinopterygii. Both fish are in the order Perciformes and the family Percidae. Thus, the yellow perch is in a different class than the deer, but it is in the same class, order, and family as the walleye. This classification implies that the yellow perch and walleye had a common ancestor much more recently than either of the two fish and the deer, so the DNA of the two fish is expected to have far fewer differences than the DNA of the yellow perch and the deer.

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