Verisimilitude is the imitation of reality, or the attempt to create a world that is a realistic or mirror image of this one. If we keep that definition in mind, we can easily see how the two works differ sharply in that regard.
Swift pays little attention to verisimilitude in Gulliver's Travels opting instead to create a fantastic world overseas of giant humans, tiny humans, and kingdoms where horses rule. It is only when we dig a little deeper that we see Swift is using these worlds to satirize or make fun of human and social weaknesses in British society. For example, he makes fun of the human tendency to equate beauty with moral goodness when Gulliver is at first taken with the beauty of the tiny Lilliputians, only to learn later that they are horrible people. He makes fun of the irrational brutality of British society when he creates horses who build a more rational and gentle culture.
Defoe, on the other hand, carefully keeps the fantastic away from his account of Crusoe's shipwreck and survival on a deserted island. He creates verisimilitude in his exact depiction of how Crusoe survives without any overt supernatural interference. There are no helpful fairies on the island and no fantastical people. Crusoe survives by making a series of practical moves completely grounded in reality. He returns to the capsized ship and retrieves supplies, builds himself shelter, hunts, plants, cultivates wild grapes, and thrives through his hard work and common sense. Defoe does not satirize British faults but celebrates middle class English virtues of thrift and industry.
Saturday, November 1, 2014
Compare the use of verisimilitude in Gulliver's Travels and Robinson Crusoe
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