Sunday, November 23, 2014

In Romeo and Juliet, do people have control over their own lives?

An important distinction to make is the difference between control and choice. From a Western, 21st century perspective one might equate making choices about the direction or path of life with exercising control. Being free to choose who to marry or what career to pursue is valued in Western culture and the idea of lacking options can seem like a restraint. However, in the setting of Romeo and Juliet, namely the 12th century, the societal expectations of personal control would have been perceived very different. Free choice was not a value as highly regarded as it is in Western, capitalist society today. Relational ties, such as family, were more highly regarded and would have been seen as just as important if not more important than a marriage or a livelihood. Romeo and Juliet got to make many choices throughout their lives, the ultimate of which being the choice to take their own lives. Some scholars argue that Shakespeare’s prologue sets the expectation that their fate is determined and no choice they make will change the outcome. Despite the outcome being identical to what is predicted in the prologue, choices are made throughout the story which could have changed the outcome along the way without the reader being aware.


Romeo and Juliet doesn't show people having the kind of control over their own lives to which we are accustomed in the twenty-first century. Both of the lovers are forced to act secretly, because their families are bitterly feuding. As Juliet points out, Romeo could easily be killed if one her male relatives found him at her balcony. Neither one dares to say openly that they are in love with the other. Further, Juliet has very few options when her father decides she will marry Paris. A young woman was expected to obey her father and marry in accordance with what was best for her family, not for love. Juliet doesn't feel she can openly defy her father's desires.  
To marry at all, the young lovers have to do so secretly. Juliet has to feign death to avoid having to marry Paris. 
Yet, the two lovers do exercise some control over their lives. They do marry, albeit secretly, and they both commit suicide when they think the other is dead. 

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