The formation of the State of Israel had its roots in both religion and nationalist ideology, the latter a matter of self-preservation. Jewish roots in the land known today as Israel, as well as the regions Jews call Judea and Samara, but which are more popularly known as “the West Bank,” date back to ancient times. Whether one considers the Old Testament a reliable narrative of the region’s history is entirely subjective. Individuals either accept the Bible as a source of accurate information or they do not. What is known is that archeological excavations continue to connect the Jewish people to that disputed territory. Recent discoveries of ancient artifact clearly demonstrate that the Jewish people settled what is today Israel and the West Bank at least 3,000 years ago. The Western Wall, the holiest of Judaism’s sites, dates to the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 AD and continues to stand today. The site of the Roman siege of a mountain fortress called Masada in 73 AD—during which a small group of Jewish zealots, the Sicarii, held out against a large and well-armed contingent of Roman soldiers for as long as two to three months before committing mass suicide, rather than be taken prisoner—still exists and can be visited today. In short, the Jewish connection to Jerusalem and the surrounding regions has existed for thousands of years.
This bit of history is important because it encapsulates the historical importance of Israel to the Jewish people. It is, however, only part of the story. The other part is a product of centuries of anti-Semitism, usually manifested in the form of violent pogroms and institutionalized repression, including the Inquisition, all of which culminated in the Holocaust and the murder of six million European Jews by the Germans and their allies in Ukraine, Poland, the Baltics, and other parts of Central and Eastern Europe. The Jewish presence in Europe, a product largely of forced migrations from Judea, Samaria, Galilee, and Jerusalem, was targeted for extermination by the Germans, and the destruction of most of Europe’s Jewish communities presaged the final movement to establish an independent Jewish state.
Zionism, defined as "the national movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel" per the Jewish Virtual Library, predated the Holocaust. In the late 19th century, Theodore Herzl and others, taking stock of those centuries of anti-Semitism in areas such as Poland, Russia, and Ukraine, established what became known as the modern Zionist movement. The Holocaust put to rest any remaining notion that a homeland for the Jewish people was the only hope for the survival of the Jews.
A debate has long existed surrounding the question of whether Judaism is a religion or a nationality. One could logically suggest that it is both. Judaism is a religion based upon certain precepts, especially the existence of one God who created the universe and who alone rules over all of humanity. Judaism is, in fact, the first of the monotheistic religions. Judaism can also, however, be considered a nationality because of its historical link to the region known today as Israel and to Judea and Samaria (or the West Bank). Jews identify with those territories because that is where they originated. The modern State of Israel, therefore, is both a manifestation of the return of the Jewish Diaspora to the place of the birth of Judaism and the requirement for the reestablishment of an independent homeland, if for no other reason than to provide a secure environment in which religious and secular Jews can live in peace, with the former free to practice their religion without being physically attacked.
The role of religion in the lives of Israelis is as hotly contested among Jews as the question of whether Judaism is purely a religion or a nationality. Israel is home to a broad spectrum of Jewish people, from ultra-Orthodox Hasidic sects who reject the notion of the establishment of a Jewish homeland prior to the arrival of the messiah, to secular Jews who identify as Jewish but for whom strict Biblical scripture is a low priority. Some ultra-Orthodox reject the State of Israel; liberal Jewish Israelis strongly support the state. The importance of the role of self-preservation in the establishment and survival of Israel cannot be overemphasized. Levels of religious observance vary considerably. Apart from a small sect of Hasidim, though, recognition of the need for a Jewish homeland among Jews is universal.
https://www.brookings.edu/research/religion-state-and-the-jewish-identity-crisis-in-israel/
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/27/world/middleeast/israel-unesco-holy-site.html
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Alongside Pakistan, Israel is one of two nations created by ideology. Suggest in summary as to how Judaism's religious precepts have guided the formation of the State of Israel and continue to be used to defend its existence.
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