Wednesday, April 1, 2015

Some historians have argued that the Democrats of the Antebellum period were the party of white supremacy and imperialist growth. Discuss Andrew Jackson’s main policy goals for the nation and economy and to what extent they included goals of white supremacy and expansion of the nation. Also indicate to what extent James K. Polk and Stephen Douglas in the 1840s and early 1850s stand for the same ideals as Monroe and Jackson.

The most important of Andrew Jackson's policy goals, the one he immediately set about trying to achieve once in office, was explicitly rooted in white supremacy: the removal of Native peoples from their land in the Southeast.
By the 1820s, there were five major Indian nations in the Southeast, known at the time as "civilized tribes." These peoples—the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole—inhabited lands that were coveted by Southern whites. Some, like the Cherokee, lived on lands that were rich in gold, timber, and other resources. The Seminole provided sanctuary for fugitive slaves.
But the majority of Southeastern Indians lived on lands that were desirable for plantation agriculture—the so-called "black belt" that ran from Georgia to Louisiana. These lands were ideal for growing cotton, and Jackson put the full might of the presidency into securing them. Their acquisition, and expansion in general, became a central concern of the Democratic Party, expressed not just by Jackson but also by men such as Lewis Cass, who unapologetically endorsed taking Native lands from their owners and relocating Indians to lands in the West. So taking lands from Native Americans in order to open them for cultivation by men who enslaved African Americans was at the heart of Jacksonian democracy.
Jackson's followers are often given credit for espousing the expansion of the vote to ordinary whites, as states across the country dropped or lowered property requirements for voting. But in many states, including North Carolina and New York, the expansion of the franchise to all white men was accompanied by the disfranchisement of free African American men.
In conclusion, Jacksonian Democracy, and the ideology of Manifest Destiny that followed it, were explicitly rooted in white supremacy in the sense that they advocated the expansion of slavery and the taking of Native lands.
This platform carried on following Jackson's presidency. Polk, who campaigned mostly on the issue of expansion, and Douglas, who hoped to neutralize slavery as a political issue accompanying expansion, largely continued the policy goals of Jacksonian Democrats. Polk especially mirrored Jackson's actions, essentially waging war against Mexico for territories that most of his followers hoped would be open to slavery.
https://millercenter.org/president/jackson

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