Friday, June 13, 2014

int (sec^2x)/(tanx(tanx+1)) dx Use substitution and partial fractions to find the indefinite integral

int(sec^2(x))/(tan(x)(tan(x)+1))dx
Let's apply integral substitution: u=tan(x)
du=sec^2(x)dx
=int1/(u(u+1))du
Now let's create the partial fraction template for the integrand,
1/(u(u+1))=A/u+B/(u+1)
Multiply the above equation by the denominator,
1=A(u+1)+B(u)
1=Au+A+Bu
1=(A+B)u+A
Equating the coefficients of the like terms,
A+B=0    ------------(1)
A=1
Plug in the value of A in the equation 1,
1+B=0  
=>B=-1
Plug back the values of A and B in the partial fraction template,
1/(u(u+1))=1/u+(-1)/(u+1)
=1/u-1/(u+1)
int1/(u(u+1))du=int(1/u-1/(u+1))du 
Apply the sum rule,
=int1/udu-int1/(u+1)du
Use the common integral:int1/xdx=ln|x|
=ln|u|-ln|u+1|
Substitute back u=tan(x)
and add a constant C to the solution,
=ln|tan(x)|-ln|tan(x)+1|+C
 

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