Are prohibitions against government actions that threaten the enjoyment of freedom called civil liberties, civil rights, injunctions, or federalism?

The answer to your question would be injunctions. An injunction is a court order halting something from taking place. If the government took an action that violated a person’s civil liberties or civil rights, a person could go to court to get an injunction requesting that the given action be stopped. A person’s civil rights or civil liberties are rights or freedoms a person has. Federalism describes a system of government where states share power with the federal government.
A recent example of an injunction is when the National Football League suspended Tom Brady last season for the first four games of the season. Tom Brady went to court to get the suspension overturned. The court ruled that the commissioner of the National Football League, Roger Goodell, went too far in imposing the four-game suspension. As a result, Tom Brady was allowed to play in those games last season. As a footnote, it should be mentioned that the National Football League appealed this ruling and won the appeal. As a result, Tom Brady won’t play in the first four games this season.
Another example of an injunction being used was when Martin Luther King, Jr. was put in jail in Birmingham in 1963. A temporary injunction was issued preventing a march from taking place without a permit. When the march was held in violation of the temporary injunction, Martin Luther King, Jr. was jailed.
There are three kinds of injunctions. A temporary injunction is a short-term situation allowing the court time to consider if a longer-lasting injunction should be issued. A preliminary injunction keeps something in place for a longer period of time. Usually, the preliminary injunction lasts until a case is decided. Sometimes when a person gets fired or suspended, they will ask for a preliminary injunction until the situation is resolved. A permanent injunction means that the given situation in question will remain in place permanently.
Therefore, when a person seeks to stop a government action because that action threatens a person’s civil rights or civil liberties, the person is asking for an injunction to be issued.
https://law.freeadvice.com/litigation/legal_remedies/what-is-an-injunction.htm