Wednesday, October 29, 2014

In Animal Farm, what rank is Napoleon?

In Orwell's allegory for the communist Russian Revolution, Napoleon is the embodiment of complete dictatorial control in what was supposed to be a “populist” movement. He is the ultimate authority over the animal population on the farm, just as the Communist party leadership assumed absolute control over the rest of the Russian population once in power. In chapter 9, there must be a Presidential election among the farm animals, and “there was only one candidate, Napoleon, who was elected unanimously.”
Though he begins his ascent to power ostensibly as equal to the other animals, he clearly has the ambition to obtain complete control, as he does in a variety of manipulations and power grabs. Napoleon's ultimate rank as the absolute leader of the power structure on the farm is earned patiently but persistently. By the story's end, Napoleon has full authority over the lives of the other animals, much like Soviet leadership did in the years following the Bolshevik Revolution. Orwell satirically puts this hypocrisy on full display when we read his single commandment in chapter 10: “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.”


Napoleon is the highest ranking animal on the farm and is referred to as "our Leader, Comrade Napoleon." After successfully usurping power and chasing Snowball off of the farm, Napoleon rules as the farm's dictator. As a dictator, Napoleon attains supreme authority on the farm and rules with absolute power. Napoleon employs Squealer and other high-ranking pigs to enforce his political agenda, which oppresses the other animals on the farm. Napoleon is portrayed as an unscrupulous, selfish leader, who is quick to execute any animal who disagrees with his political decisions. As the supreme leader of the farm, Napoleon enjoys the privilege of living in the farmhouse, wearing Mr. Jones's clothes, drinking liquor, and amassing wealth, while the other animals toil. Napoleon also gives himself the military decorations "Animal Hero, First Class" and "Animal Hero, Second Class," which enhance his image as Commander-in-Chief.

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