What were two of the major decisions of the Warren Court, and how do they affect our lives today?

The Warren Court is the name given to the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren from 1953–1969. Chief Justice Warren led the Supreme Court in expanding civil rights and liberties during this time period by handing down a number of important Supreme Court decisions. One of the first major decisions of the Warren Court was Brown v Board of Education, arguably the most important decision of the Warren Court. In Brown v Board, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, declaring that having segregated schools were inherently unequal. The Brown case was monumental because it overturned the Plessy v Ferguson decision (1896) that had declared that segregation was legal as long as facilities were "separate but equal." In declaring that separation automatically made facilities, in this case public schools, unequal, the Brown decision paved the way for gradual desegregation throughout the country and overturned almost fifty years of legalized segregation. Although there remained significant opposition to desegregation, especially in the South, this decision helped usher in the modern Civil Rights Movement and led to more decisions and laws that granted more rights not only to African-Americans, but also to other minority groups such as women and Latinos.
Two other major decisions of the Warren Court expanded criminal justice and set precedents in criminal rights that we still have today. First, in Gideon v Wainwright in 1963, the Supreme Court ruled that under the Sixth Amendment, which grants those accused of a crime the right to a speedy trial, states must provide legal counsel (a lawyer) to defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. Then, in Miranda v Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that people who are placed under arrest must be informed of their rights (now known as the Miranda Rights). These rights include the right to a lawyer and the right not to self-incriminate. The accused must not only be read these rights, but it also must be determined that they understand them (for example, a person who cannot understand English must be provided with the Miranda Rights in his or her language). These rights continue to guide our criminal justice system today.
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