What are some of the hindrances to social and economic development?

Many factors hinder social and economic development in developing countries, beginning with the legacy of colonialism that destroyed many of the earlier social and political structures of colonized counties.
Especially in sub-Saharan Africa and India, disease is a major hindrance to growth. Such widespread diseases as HIV and malaria have had a significant negative effect on GDP.
Inadequate nutrition and lack of safe drinking water also hinder growth, causing stunting and other issues with child development. The high child mortality rate leads to a high birthrate in order to ensure a surviving heir, something that contributes to gender inequality.
Gender inequality also reduces social and economic development, keeping women out of education and the workforce. Religious beliefs and social customs, as well as the lack of access to birth control, exacerbate this.
Corruption and political instability, often made worse by tribalism, also act as brakes on social and economic development.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831580/