Monday, April 23, 2018

What are some literary devices employed in Robert Frost's "The Ax Helve"?

This poem, about an encounter with a peasant over an ax-helve (or handle), is written in a prosaic style, as if it is a plain narrative account of a conversation and a visit. At the same time, however, the poem uses literary devices to signal that it is, indeed, a poem. One would be the use of the archaic, Middle English term for handle: helve. This jars readers out of the ordinary and leads us to expect an unusual encounter.
The poem also uses alliteration. Alliteration is repeating the same consonant at the beginning of different words placed closed together. This creates a sense of rhythm, as in "forth" and "favor."

When all my strength put forth was in his favor....

The poem uses dialect to show class and education differences. Baptiste, who criticizes the narrator's axe handle, has less formal education than the narrator, as we can hear when Baptiste says,

“You give her 'one good crack, she's snap raght off.Den where's your hax-ead flying t'rough de hair?”

However, Baptiste is clearly much wiser about practical objects, such as axes, than the narrator.
The poem also uses simile, which is comparing two dissimilar things using "like" or "as." Here, Frost uses both "as" and "like" to describe how slender and flexible Baptiste likes his helve:

He liked to have it slender as a whipstock,Free from the least knot, equal to the strainOf bending like a sword across the knee.

The poem also uses personification, likening the ax-helve to a woman with a "chin" who "cock[s] her head:"

Thick hand made light of, steel-blue chin drawn downAnd in a little—a French touch in that.Baptiste drew back and squinted at it, pleased:“See how she's cock her head!”

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