The main difference between European colonies and protectorates in Africa had to do with their ...

The main difference between European colonies and protectorates in Africa had to do with their governments (Answer B). Colonies and protectorates are similar because they are both territories of a larger state (country). However, the main difference lies in the way each is ruled. Colonies are dependent states that have rulers who are accountable to the larger (mother) country, and colonies are considered part of the mother country. All government, trade, and activities of a colony are under the control of the mother country and enforced by the mother country's officials and laws. Protectorates, on the other hand, are smaller nations that retain autonomy and sovereignty as they enter into an agreement with a larger state for protection. A larger state might offer protection to a smaller one to gain access to ports, natural resources, or national borders, but protectorates are not directly governed by the larger country. Protectorates act independently in government and matters of rule from the larger country.

A colony has limited or in a number of cases, no autonomy, and is ultimately controlled in its domestic and foreign affairs by a "mother country." A protectorate, on the other hand, is a separate state or kingdom with substantial domestic autonomy but that is nonetheless protected by a more powerful sovereign state, which usually controls the protectorate's foreign relations.
Colonies are essentially territories outside a sovereign nation that that nation controls. For example, the British Empire consisted of several colonies worldwide, some of which enjoyed varying degrees of local rule, but all of which were ultimately controlled by the British government.
Protectorates enjoy considerably more self government, particular in the area of domestic affairs. For example, France oversaw the Kingdom of Cambodia for a time as a protectorate and was responsible for protecting the kingdom from foreign invasion, while the Khmer king and his officials oversaw such domestic affairs as taxation. Colonies and protectorates share some similarities -- citizens in colonies and protectorates often serve in the armies of the more powerful nation to which they are tied, and often have robust trade relationships with that nation as well.

The answer to this question should be B: governments. A European colony was entirely under the jurisdiction of the mother country. The difference between a protectorate and a colony in any instance is a matter of government: a colony is ruled by a government designed and implemented by another country and has no sovereignty of its own, whereas a protectorate, as the term suggests, receives protection and/or some kind of mentorship from a larger or more powerful nation and would usually offer something in return. So, a protectorate would have its own government and its own sovereignty and laws but would be protected by another country and would usually be expected to support that country in times of war and allow the protector country to utilize the raw materials, and so on, of the protectorate.