Discuss the reasons why sociology emerged a scientific study in the nineteenth century.

There were many different reasons why sociology emerged as a scientific discipline in the nineteenth century. Let us look at a few of them.
First, some of the assumptions behind sociology could be dated back to the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. Montesquieu, for example, made a sociological argument when he connected the type of government a people had to what he called their "spirit," and he was interested in the ways different groups of people interacted within political systems based on their interests. Exposure to different peoples and their cultures around the world was of real interest to Enlightenment thinkers, and their ways of trying to explain, organize, and systematize the cultures (a development that unfortunately contributed to racialized thinking) anticipated some aspects of sociology.
Second, the nineteenth century witnessed extraordinary social change in Europe and the western world. The industrial revolution created a massive working class, extremes of wealth and poverty, and new ways of organizing production. Sociology was largely born as a means of making sense of these changes. Comte, Marx, and Durkheim saw these changes in very different ways, but their ways of explaining these changes were sociological in nature in that they were based on human interaction and the ways people functioned within society and its structures.
Finally, the nineteenth century was really the birth of the university as a professional setting. History, literature, political science, and many other disciplines became specialized fields for the first time, and the ways that young people (men, mostly) were educated became more standardized. So as jobs became available at universities, academic disciplines like sociology emerged, along with their own assumptions, rationales, and philosophies.

Philosophy and science were rapidly expanding during the 19th century, and sociology was a significant expression of the emerging interest in evolving societal patterns. Technology, communication, and academia were changing because of the development of new information and capabilities. Sociology provided a way to understand how social environmental patterns affect particular groups of people.
The 19th century brought about the industrial expansion. This expansion led to changes in work patterns, health, environmental concerns, family activities, travel, technology, and product consumption. These changes led to interest in how these factors affected society. Scientific practices were applied to these inquiries, which solidified sociology's place as a science.
As communication between cities, countries, and the word became easier, people were better able to explore social differences and similarities. Interests in political movements, social injustices, and the drive to advance humanity strengthened the ongoing support for sociology, and it was introduced as an area of study in several colleges. The 19th century, as a period of significant social change and scientific advancement, allowed the development and expansion of this field of study.

It arose in this century due to increased mobility and technological advances. This exposed those in society to different cultures with different values and traditions. Sociologists came into being because we needed scientists that understood what help social groups together and to provide a general explanation of how this worked.
They provided general observations that explained social life and lifestyles. Sociologists  were thought of as thinkers and philosophers. Auguste Comte was the father of Sociology.  In 1838 he believed that science could be used to explain the world in social terms.
He believed these studies would lead to positive changes in society. With scientific study using experiments, statistics, and having quantifiable conclusions social patterns and  behaviors could be documented. He pictured sociologists playing a major role in this social change.
The political revolution sweeping Europe in the 19th century lead to a change or focus on social class and order The rise of the Industrial Revolution, capitalism, industrialization, growth of cities, and religions were other reason that sociology was studied scientifically. Most sociologists studied other subjects and had expertise in several fields.
Sociology was added to many universities and colleges as an academic discipline. The first was Yale University in 1876. They taught the first course in the subject. In 1892, the University of Chicago established one of the first graduate departments. About thirty year later most colleges and universities has a sociology program.
The scientific study in sociology involves about eight steps. Selecting a topic, identifying the problem, reading, research and literature review, coming up with a hypothesis, using a viable research method, gathering data, and analyzing results.
It is known as core discipline of the social sciences. It is a unified and comprehensive science studied to learn about class, religion, ethnic background, work culture, economics, and lifestyle.