Explain how Harper Lee develops the theme of moral intelligence in the novel “To Kill A Mockingbird.”

Throughout the novel, Harper Lee explores the theme of moral intelligence through Jem and Scout's maturation and development. Atticus Finch teaches his children lessons in tolerance, perspective, respect, and courage throughout the novel. He also proves to be a positive role model by defending Tom Robinson in front of a prejudiced jury. Lee illustrates how Jem and Scout follow Atticus's lessons and develop into morally upright individuals like their father. As Jem matures, he becomes a sympathetic, compassionate person who begins to think like his father. Jem also stops bothering Boo Radley after he realizes that he is a reclusive, harmless man, and Jem begins treating his sister better after Tom's wrongful conviction. Jem's father has taught him the importance of treating everyone equally, and Jem is devastated after hearing Tom's verdict. Following the trial, Atticus tells his children:

As you grow older, you’ll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and don’t you forget it—whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash (Lee, 224).

Jem becomes more sensitive and aware of the prejudice throughout Maycomb and expresses his concerns about the court system with his father. By the end of the novel, Jem reveals his empathetic nature by telling Scout not to squash the roly-poly bug and hopes to change the justice system when he grows older.
Lee also explores the theme of moral intelligence by depicting Scout's maturation. Atticus teaches his daughter the importance of controlling her anger, developing perspective, and protecting innocent beings. Following Tom's wrongful conviction, Scout begins to notice the blatant racism throughout her community and identifies hypocrites. She also contemplates the nature of discrimination and analyzes Maycomb's caste system. Towards the end of the novel, Scout metaphorically applies Atticus's lesson regarding why it is considered a sin to kill a mockingbird. Scout's understanding of Atticus's lesson reveals her moral development and intelligence. She also begins to perceive Boo Radley as a kind, compassionate neighbor. As Scout stands on Boo's porch, she sympathizes with his situation, which also reveals her moral intelligence.