Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth and Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House share a number of thematic similarities.
1. Women using their charms (for lack of anything else): In The House of Mirth, Lily Bart is a society woman with no money. She is related to old New York powerhouses, but she herself is nearly destitute. Because of this, she can only rely on her good looks and charming personality to entertain the rich. This is the only way she can "smoke their cigarettes" and share their bread. With no money, Lily Bart finds herself in a role no different than Nora Helmer's.
Nora, whose finances depend on her husband's, also uses her charms to keep him happy, as there is nothing else she can use on her behalf. The result is that, like Lily, she has become little more than entertaining company to those who mingle with her, especially her husband. She and Lily are basically taken for the charm they offer and nothing else.
2. Dependent women: Lily and Nora are at the mercy of their environments. Lily's New York set decide when she comes on board their yachts and when she gets to leave them. They decide her vacations, entertainment, and expenditures simply because she depends on them for those things. On her own, Lily Bart is a nobody.
Nora is also a nobody—so much so, in fact, that leaving her family is seen as a social faux pas. She has been disenfranchised as a woman forever. Now that she wants to move away from a life that has been dependent on men, she realizes that it will be a terribly hard thing to do.
3. Money is everything: In both worlds, Lily's and Nora's, the want for money is ever present. In Lily's set, everyone is rich (except her), but they also want to become richer. In Nora's world, the middle-classes are thriving and moving up the social ladder, making them want to acquire money, reputation, and the benefits that were once unique to those who were born rich. As such, we see that money fixation is a theme in both literary works. Money is not only power but also "freedom from care" and a prospect for happiness.
The key difference between the two works is setting. Lily's story takes place in ruthless New York: a hierarchical society where family name, family fortune, and financial achievements serve as the only measures to determine the worth of people. All characters are shallow and static, even Lily Bart, to a point. In the end, Lily dies trying to make amends for a shallow life, but we cannot quite tell if her essence and character were truly changed for the better or just forged by dire circumstances.
Contrastingly, Nora is quite a deep, dynamic character; she only appears to be static and flat. In reality, she seeks depth and warmth from her husband, who only looks at his own financial and social advances. As a result, she has to leave her shallow home altogether, knowing that she no longer belongs in that world.
Tuesday, January 23, 2018
What are some key similarities and differences between The House of Mirth and A Doll's House?
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