The primary function of each branch of federal government is to restrain the other two branches if necessary. The goal is to prevent tyrannical government, which is a cruel or oppressive government that asserts power over its people in an unfair fashion. A division of power, more formally known as a separation of powers, is designed to create a system of checks and balances to ensure that no one branch has too much power.
The idea for a separation of powers through three branches of government can be traced back to Montesquieu, a French judge and philosopher. In The Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu suggested that the executive, legislative, and judicial functions of a government should be shared between three separate branches to prevent overreaching power and protect personal liberty.
In the United States, the federal government is split into three separate branches of government.
The legislative branch proposes laws
The executive branch carries out and enforces laws
The judicial branch evaluates laws and interprets their meaning
Each branch can respond to, or change, the actions of another branch of government. For example, the legislative branch (Congress) can create laws, but the head of the executive branch (the U.S. President) can choose to sign or veto (not sign) those laws. The Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, which are part of the judicial branch, can evaluate any law, deem it unconstitutional, and overturn it.
By performing their primary function of "checking" the power of other branches, each individual branch of the federal government helps to protect the rights and liberty of U.S. citizens.
Las funciones de las ramas del gobierno federal son mantener el orden en el país con lo que son las leyes impuestas por este.
Entre estas ramas se encuentran el poder legislativo, el ejecutivo y el judicial, de las cuales cada una tiene sus propios aportes en las leyes.
El poder legislativo: Es la entidad como el congreso, que inicia y crea las diferentes leyes para el país.
El poder ejecutivo: Es la entidad como el Presidente, el Vicepresidente o el Gabinete, los cuales son los que hacen cumplir las leyes creadas por el poder legislativo.
El poder judicial: Es la entidad como la corte suprema, el cual está encargado de impartir las leyes impuestas por los otros poderes y que se haga justicia a partir de esta.
The United States government is based on two basic principles: separation of powers and checks and balances. Separation of powers means that the powers and responsibilities of the government are divided between three branches of government: the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch. In addition, each of these branches has certain "checks" over the other branches to ensure that no one branch of government has too much power (this is the concept of checks and balances).
The Executive Branch is responsible for carrying out the laws of the United States. It is composed of the president, the vice president, the president's cabinet (which acts as the president's advisers), and various agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency and the Environmental Protection Agency (which help the President enforce and carry out laws). The President also serves as commander in chief of the armed forces.
The legislative branch makes laws. It is synonymous with Congress, which is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. States send representatives to Congress in order to make laws, and Congress has special responsibilities, such as passing laws to raise revenue (taxation) and having the power to declare war.
Finally, the judicial branch interprets the laws passed by Congress. This branch of government is composed of the Supreme Court, which is appointed by the president, and lower federal courts. Whenever there is disagreement about what a law means, the Supreme Court can hear cases and appeals in order to interpret it.
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