To determine the convergence or divergence of the series sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n)) , we may apply Alternating Series Test.
In Alternating Series Test, the series sum (-1)^n a_n is convergent if:
1) a_n is monotone and decreasing sequence.
2) lim_(n-gtoo) a_n =0
3) a_ngt=0
For the series sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n)) , we have:
a_n = 1/(nln(n)) which is a positive, continuous, and decreasing sequence from N=2.
Note: As "n " increases, the nln(n) increases then 1/(nln(n)) decreases.
Then, we set-up the limit as :
lim_(n-gtoo)1/(nln(n))= 1/oo =0
By alternating series test criteria, the series sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n)) converges.
The series sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n)) has positive and negative elements. Thus, we must verify if the series converges absolutely or conditionally. Recall:
a) Absolute Convergence: sum a_n is absolutely convergent if sum|a_n| is convergent.
b) Conditional Convergence: sum a_n is conditionally convergent if sum|a_n| is divergent and sum a_n is convergent.
We evaluate the sum |a_n| as :
sum_(n=2)^oo |(-1)^n/(nln(n))|=sum_(n=2)^oo 1/(nln(n))
Applying integral test for convergence, we evaluate the series as:
int_2^oo1/(nln(n))dn=lim_(n-gtoo) int_2^t 1/(nln(n))dn
Apply u-substitution: u =ln(n) then du =1/ndn .
int 1/(nln(n))dn =int 1/(ln(n))*1/ndn
=int 1/u du
=ln|u|
Plug-in u=ln(n) on the indefinite integral ln|u| , we get:
int_2^t 1/(nln(n))dn =ln|ln(n)||_2^t
Applying definite integral formula: F(x)|_a^b = F(b)-F(a) .
ln|ln(n)||_2^t =ln|ln(t)|-ln|ln(2)|
Then, the limit becomes:
lim_(n-gtoo) int_2^t1/(nln(n))dn =lim_(n-gtoo) [ln|ln(t)|-ln|ln(2)|]
=lim_(n-gtoo)ln|ln(t)|-lim_(n-gtoo)ln|ln(2)|
= oo - ln|ln(2 )|
=oo
int_2^oo1/(nln(n))dn=oo implies the series sum_(n=2)^oo |(-1)^n/(nln(n))| diverges.
Conclusion:
The series sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n)) is conditionally convergent sincesum |a_n| as sum_(n=2)^oo |(-1)^n/(nln(n))| is divergent and sum a_n as sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n)) is convergent.
Sunday, July 30, 2017
sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nlnn) Determine whether the series converges absolutely or conditionally, or diverges.
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
Why is the fact that the Americans are helping the Russians important?
In the late author Tom Clancy’s first novel, The Hunt for Red October, the assistance rendered to the Russians by the United States is impor...
-
Friar Lawrence plays a significant role in Romeo and Juliet's fate and is responsible not only for secretly marrying the two lovers but ...
-
Resourceful: Phileas Fogg doesn't let unexpected obstacles deter him. For example, when the railroad tracks all of a sudden end in India...
-
Pablo Neruda's "Ode to My Socks" is full of figurative language, including similes and metaphors. Similes are figurative compa...
-
In the late author Tom Clancy’s first novel, The Hunt for Red October, the assistance rendered to the Russians by the United States is impor...
-
At the beginning of the Victorian period, science was generally in accord with religion, and the study of nature was conducted in such a way...
-
I would like to start by making it clear that this story is told from the third person omniscient point of view. At no point is the story to...
-
In Jeanne DuPrau's sci-fi novel The City of Ember, twelve-year-old characters Lina and Doon are citizens of a post-apocalyptic society, ...
No comments:
Post a Comment