Wednesday, November 9, 2016

Using the following principles: communalism, unity, and self-determination. What politics, ideologies, and organizations have been part of the development of Pan-Africanism from the 1960s to today?

Pan-Africanism is a movement that emphasizes the ties among all people who have African ancestry. Some Pan-Africanists imagine uniting all people who have African descent and who, because of the effects of the earlier slave trade, now live in a world-wide diaspora. 
The modern origins of Pan-Africanism date back to the Pan-African Conference, which took place in London in 1900 and which involved participants from Africa, the Caribbean, the United States, and Great Britain. The conference followed the formation of the African Association by Henry Sylvester Williams in 1897. Its purpose was to promote ties between African people and members of the African diaspora (created by slavery) in the New World and in the U.K. The conference was also an attempt to promote anti-colonialism in the era of the European "scramble for Africa." Speakers advocated self-government (a form of self-determination, or the ability of nations to determine their own sovereignty and borders). W.E.B. DuBois, one of the founders of the National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), was also a promoter of the ideas of Pan-Africanism. He believed that the "color line" was the main problem of the 20th century and felt that African nations suffered under the yoke of colonialism.
Ghana was the first Black African country to receive independence (in its case, from Great Britain) in 1957. Its leader, Kwame Nkrumah, promoted political unity among the independent states in Africa. In 1958, Nkrumah held the All-African People’s Conference in Ghana among both Black African and Muslim African states, promoting the idea of social unity and anti-imperialism. In 1963, the Organization of African Unity was formed in Ethiopia with the goals of ending colonial governments in Africa and promoting the self-determination of African countries. The OAU promoted communalism, or the shared use of land and resources rather than individual ownership. However, communalism did not become a reality for most of Africa. The African Union (AU) was developed in 2002 to further the social and economic development and unity of Africa.
 
Source:
Lexington Izuagie and Austen A. Sado. Journal of African Union Studies, Volume 4, Issue 2-3, Jan 2015, p. 101 - 124.

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