What main factors played the most important parts in the evolution of the English language?

The main historical factors that influenced the development of the English language are as follows:
1) Settlers from various Germanic tribes (especially the Saxons) came to Celtic Britain a few decades after the withdrawal of Roman troops in the early fifth century CE. The new settlers spoke West Germanic dialects, which gradually displaced the Celtic languages previously spoken in the British Isles. One of these dialects, Western Saxon, proved particularly important for the emergence of Old English, which kept native Celtic words and also incorporated Latin loan words.
2) The Vikings invaded during the ninth century. The Vikings spoke Old Norse, which belonged to the Northern branch of the Germanic language family. Many common English words, such as “anger,” trace back to Old Norse.
3) After winning the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the Normans proceeded to conquer Anglo-Saxon England. The Normans spoke a version of Old French, and for a few centuries after the conquest, Old French remained the language of the court and the Norman ruling elite. Meanwhile, Old English remained the language of the common people, but it gradually incorporated about ten thousand French words. During the same period, from the mid-eleventh to the mid-thirteenth century, English grammar lost grammatical gender and many inflections and became Middle English.
4) The struggle between the king and nobles during the thirteenth century led to the adoption of the Oxford Provisions of 1258; this was the first official government written in Middle English. Subsequently, the Hundred Years War with France in the fourteenth century paved the way for the retreat of Old French, and its derivative Anglo-Norman, as the language of the court and the adoption of Middle English as the official language of the country. The 1362 Pleading in English Act demanded the use of English in the courts. Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales enhanced the cultural status of Middle English.
5) Pronunciation changed dramatically between 1350 and 1600 in the Great Vowel Shift. These changes contributed to the development of Early Modern English. The adoption of the printing press in the 1470s led to the development of a more conservative written language, which retained many of the older Middle English spellings despite the new pronunciation.
6) As English literature and theater developed and Renaissance humanist scholarship grew during the Tudor and Stuart periods, Early Modern English gradually became standardized. Many Greek and Latin words entered the language during this time. English scholars of this period produced dictionaries and grammars of Early Modern English.
7) Mass migrations of English speakers led to the emergence of American English in the seventeenth century and later (in the nineteenth century) to the development of Australian and South African English. Many native American words, such as “tomatoes” and “skunk,” became part of the English language in all its variations. Due to the conquest of the Caribbean and the development of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a Caribbean dialect of English also emerged, and this, in turn, contributed to the development of African American English.
8) The Industrial Revolution and the scientific revolution led to the emergence of new technological and scientific vocabulary, including such words as “engine,” “electricity,” and “biology.” Many of these words derived from Greek and Latin roots.
9) British imperial conquests in Asia and Africa led to further linguistic development. By the end of the nineteenth century the British Empire ruled approximately a quarter of the world human population. British colonizers actively promoted the study of English in India, parts of Southeast Asia (i.e. Burma, Malacca, and Singapore), parts of West and East Africa, and other colonies. At the same time many Indian words, such as “candy” and “jungle,” became part of the English language.
10) Following World War II, the civil rights movement, including the fight against racial discrimination in the US, the women’s movement, and the movement for the rights of sexual minorities, introduced many changes designed to address the multiple biases associated with traditional white male domination in the spoken and written language.
11) Computerization and the coming of the Internet introduced many new terms and expressions to English and created new international communities of English speakers, many of them speaking English as a second language.
12) Globalization gradually turned English into a world language. According to some estimates, by 2050 there will be more non-native than native speakers of English (see Martin Dewey, “English as a lingua franca and globalization: an interconnected perspective,” International Journal of Applied Linguistics, vol. 17, n. 3, 2007 p. 336). The use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) involves significant changes which make linguistic choices (such as the use of articles) more dependent on situational context and meaning (ibid. p. 341).