In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, a timeline follows the major events that shape the plot development of this timeless novel.
The author first introduces the small, dusty town of Maycomb as seen through the eyes of young Scout (Jean Louise) Finch. The introduction prepares the reader for not only observations of a child still unfamiliar with the vagaries of her community in such a brutal era, but also the pain and resentments of the South, where the loss of the Civil War is still keenly felt. The changes Scout relates to the reader express issues that also face the rest of the country in one way or another.
A great deal of the story deals with the relationships of the characters. Atticus is a widower that does his best to instill in his children knowledge of right and wrong, based upon his own morality and integrity. In chapter three, the author describes Atticus' belief that one should always try to understand another by looking to that person's experiences and perceptions. He tells his children:
You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. . . until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.
Scout is still naive enough to have little regard for her father's career, believing that what he does is not in the least exciting:
Our father didn't do anything. He worked in an office, not in a drugstore. Atticus did not drive a dump-truck for the county, he was not the sheriff, he did not farm, work in a garage, or do anything that could possibly arouse the admiration of anyone (57).
Calpurnia is a surrogate mother to the children, an unusual circumstance because she is black and raising white children in this strongly segregated community.
Additionally, the introduction of Dill as the children's new friend allows for circumstances that shape the plot's movement. Most prominent is the children's growing knowledge of, and interest in, the mysterious Boo Radley. (Unbeknownst to them, Boo is as captivated by them as they are of him.)
When Atticus agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a good and decent husband, father and member of the community, difficulties immediately arise because Tom is black. At that time, the word of a black man was always trumped by the word of a white person, even though the facts glaringly supported the claims of innocence by Tom Robinson, the accused. The truth does not matter in the courtroom of white men, even though the highly regarded Atticus Finch defends Tom.
When Tom is found guilty, Atticus is certain that if he can appeal the decision, they might have a chance to win an acquittal. However, Tom Robinson has no faith in the court system. In the prison yard, he attempts to climb the fence and escape. Being shot so many times in the back seems to support Tom's lack of faith in receiving justice.
Jem is devastated by the verdict against Tom Robinson. He talks to Atticus about the unfairness of Tom's death sentence verdict:
Tom Robinson's a colored man, Jem. No jury in this part of the world's going to say "We think you're guilty, but not very" on a charge like that. It was either a straight acquittal or nothing. (219)
The truth of the community's ugliness opens Jem's eyes to realities of which he was never aware. As for Scout, she does not understand the ramifications of the trial's outcome, and the reader can see how she is still unaware of, or protected from, the ugly truth.
Bob Ewell, Mayella's father, is not satisfied with Tom's conviction, and he is also angry about Atticus's portrayal in court of himself. He menaces Atticus, but Atticus chooses to ignore his threats.
The seasons change, and Dill returns home at the end of the summer. The children go back to school, and on a fateful autumn evening they walk home after the fall festival. Scout is in her costume with limited vision and movement. Someone Scout cannot see attacks her and Jem. Her brother fights back but is overpowered. The attacker turns to kill Scout with a knife that her costume successfully deflects. Suddenly, there is a scuffle between the attacker and an unknown challenger.
When the fighting stops, Scout sees someone carrying her unconscious brother home. The doctor and police are called, and Bob Ewell's dead body is found. Conjecture abounds as to what happened, and Atticus and Chief Heck Tate strongly disagree about how the situation is to be handled. Scout notices a quiet man hidden in the shadows of Jem's room. It is Boo Radley. As Atticus realizes the truth of what has happened, Scout walks Boo home. She agrees with Heck Tate's assessment as to how the news of the attack should be relayed to the community:
Well, it'd be sort of like shootin' a mockingbird, wouldn't it? (169)
This directly reflects Atticus's warning that Jem and Scout should never harm a mockingbird, a creature that does no harm but sings its heart out to the pleasure of those who hear it.
While evil seems to trounce good with regard to Tom Robinson, love overcomes evil at the story's end, perhaps the most satisfying theme of this amazing and classic novel.
Monday, January 13, 2020
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