Sunday, April 22, 2012

How John Rupert Firth describe the context and the utterance in linguistics? Please use examples.

How does John Rupert Firth describe the concept of context of utterances in linguistics? Please provide examples. 
A leading figure in linguistics in the 1950s, John Rupert Firth’s work gave rise to the London School of linguistics. He believed the main role of linguistics was analyzing the meaning of spoken expression. At the center of Firth’s work was the inextricable connection of language and situational context. He posited that the meaning of an utterance cannot be separated from the cultural and social event in which it exists. Firth is noted for having said, “You shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This quote shows that his understanding of linguistic meaning rests on the context in which the language occurs.
Firth believed factors such as status, the personal history of the speaker, and the social tone of the situation must be considered in understanding meaning. An example of a “typical” context would be the use of common, socially prescribed phrases to be used in particular situations such as the exchange, “How are you?” “I’m fine, thanks. How are you?”. Firth’s study of context-dependent linguistics focused on speech events in which speakers were responding to social cues within a culturally acceptable mode of behavior.

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